Before an Apollo-era NASA could launch a few humans on top of a rocket and plop them down on the Moon, it needed to find safe places to land.
So from 1966 through 1967, the space agency launched five spacecraft, which it creatively named Lunar Orbiters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Lunar Orbiter 1 was the first to swing around the Moon. It automatically took film photos, processed and scanned them, then beamed the images back as radio waves to receivers on Earth, where technicians recorded them onto analogue data tapes.
On 23 August 1966 - 50 years ago today - Lunar Orbiter 1 took the photo below: the first-ever of Earth rising up above the cold, bright dust of our planet's biggest satellite.
The first image of Earth from lunar orbit. Credit: NASA
However iconic, it looks pretty crummy.
That's because 1960s technology couldn't access the full depth of the data NASA had on its tapes. So after printing out what it needed to select landing sites, the space agency mothballed the tapes in a Maryland storage unit.
"They changed hands several times over the years, almost getting tossed out before landing in storage in Moorpark, California," Doug Bierno wrote at Wired in 2014.
The tapes were well-kept, but the refrigerator-size tape drives - the only devices capable of accessing the data - had sat in the barn of Nancy Evans, a former NASA employee who saved them from going into the garbage, for the better part of a few decades.
A Sept. 2014 scene inside 'McMoons'. Copyright of Cara McCormick
That is, until space entrepreneur Dennis Wingo found out about the situation through a web group in 2005.
Wingo immediately contacted Keith Cowing, a former NASA employee and founder of NASAWatch.com, for help. The duo eventually launched the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project (LOIRP), which aimed to digitise the photos and make them public.
They received limited funding, rounded up technical help, and set up shop in a derelict McDonald's on the campus of NASA Ames Research Centre - a place they came to call 'McMoons'.
McMoons flew a Jolly Roger pirate flag in its window and was steps away from part of an old ICBM missile.
Years later, LOIRP had recorded terabytes' worth of high-quality digital imagery. "The resolution of our images vastly exceeds the original prints," Cowing told this reporter in 2012.
To see the difference, simply scroll down:
In 2008, the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project (LOIRP) released this high-resolution version of a Lunar Orbiter 1 photo of Earth from the Moon, which was taken on 23 August 1966. Credit: NASA/LOIRP
And this is just one slice of the fully assembled image. That photo file is roughly 1.2 gigabytes in size - enough, Cowing told me, that "printed out at native resolution it would be larger than a standard billboard".
All of the photos are now publicly available as part of NASA's Planetary Data System, alongside images the USGS recovered in a separate digitisation effort.
Cowing told Business Insider in 2015 that LOIRP donated all of its gear to the Library of Congress. "[T]hat project is more or less at an end," he wrote in an email. "Not much happens [at McMoons] any more."
This article was originally published by Business Insider.
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